Cuadro de texto: Volver pagina anterior trastornos del comportamiento

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cuadro de texto: Asociaciones y Organizaciones de Autismo

 

Background: Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that usually presents in early childhood and that is thought to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Although abnormal metabolism of methionine and homocysteine has been associated with other neurologic diseases, these pathways have not been evaluated in persons with autism.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate plasma concentrations of metabolites in the methionine transmethylation and transsulfuration pathways in children diagnosed with autism. 

Conclusions: An increased vulnerability to oxidative stress and a decreased capacity for methylation may contribute to the development and clinical manifestation of autism.

Abnormal intestinal permeability in children with autism. D'Eufemia P, Celli M, Finocchiaro R, Pacifico L, Viozzi L, Zaccagnini M, Cardi E, Giardini O. Acta Paediatr. 1996 Sep;85(9):1076-9.

Autism: an Interesting dietary case history.  Nutrition and Food Science Vol. 30 Number 3-2000  Mabel Blades. consultant dietitian, Nutrition and Dietetic Services, Rushden, UK.  Briefly reviews the case history of dietary intervention in the case of a six-year-old boy with a diagnosis of autism. Identifying food intolerances to milk and gluten, and the removal of these items from the child´s diet, led to an improvement in his condition and behaviour. www.emerald-library.com

Publicación electrónica VISCERAL. creado para la investigación médica de

trastornos digestivos.  Inglés, incluye temas de vacunación

http://www.visceral.org.uk/index.php

 

The neurology of gluten sensitivity: separating the wheat from the chaff. Wills AJ, Unsworth DJ.   Curr Opin Neurol. 2002 Oct;15(5):519-23.
 

A gluten-free diet as an intervention for autism and associated spectrum disorders: preliminary findings Paul Whiteley y Col.  Autism, Vol. 3, No. 1, 45-65 (1999)  The opioid-excess hypothesis of autism suggests that autism is the consequence of the incomplete breakdown and excessive absorption of peptides with opioid activity (derived from foods which contain gluten and casein), causing disruption to biochemical and neuroregulatory processes. Biochemical evidence has indicated the presence of increased levels of peptides in the urine of people with autism, and previous behavioural studies have demonstrated a connection between the long term exclusion of gluten and casein from the diet and improvements in the behaviour of some children with autism. The introduction of a gluten-free diet to children with autism and associated spectrum disorders (n = 22) was monitored over a 5 month period using a battery of parental and teacher interview/questionnaire sessions, observation reports, psychometric tests and urinary profiling. Results suggested that participants on a gluten-free diet showed an improvement on a number of behavioural measures. However there was no significant decrease in specific urinary compounds excreted when compared with controls and a gluten challenge group.

Articulo Completo.- American Journal of Gastroenterology. Autism and the Gastrointestinal Tract.  Eamonnm y col.  Sept. 2000, Vol 95, Number 9 

BMJ Haga Clic Aqui para revisar el estudio de desórdenes gastrointestinales en niños con Autismo que causó mucha polémica, reviselo todo incluyendo los comentarios finales.

Abstract.- A peptide found in schizophrenia and autism causes behavioral changes in rats   Zhongjie Sun y J. Robert Cade University of Florida, USA Autism, Vol. 3, No. 1, 85-95 (1999)  In a previous study we showed that b-casomorphin-7 (b-CM7) is taken up by brain regions relevant to schizophrenia and autism. The present experiment was designed to find whether b-CM7 has any behavioral or analgesic effects in rats. About 65 seconds after treatment with different doses of b-CM7, rats became restless and ran violently, with teeth chattering and with rapid respiration. Seven minutes later, the rats became inactive with less walking, distancing themselves from the other rat in the same cage, and sitting in, or putting their head against, the corner of the cage. The sound response was reduced and social interaction was absent. One hour later, the rats showed hyperdefensiveness. The above behavioral effects of b-CM7 did not occur when rats were pretreated with naloxone (2 mg/kg, IP). The rats receiving saline did not show any behavioral changes throughout the 2 hour period of observation. b-CM7 also demonstrated analgesic effects, which could be blocked by naloxone. The results suggest that b-CM7 may play a role in behavioral disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.

Estudio Completo Gradiente Transcraneal de Citoquinas y Permeabilidad Intestinal en Injuria Cerebral Aguda Severa. Castillo y col.  Revista Médica Chile.  Este estudio revela la relación que hay entre la permeabilidad intestinal y la inflamación cerebral. 

Estudio Completo en español PERMEABILIDAD INTESTINAL EN NEONATOS. Sepa más sobre permeabilidad intestinal.

The Autism Research Unit at the University of Sunderland
 www.osiris.sunderland.ac.uk/autism

Greatplains laboratory

Abstract .- Neurological Deficits in Patients With Celiac Disease Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky, MD; Rami Eliakim, MD; Israel Steiner, MD Arch Neurol. 2002;59:647-648.  Para leer el texto completo debe inscribirse en la revista. haga clik en el título. Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals.1 Developments in the understanding of the pathogenetic basis of the disease and the introduction of serological diagnostic markers have enabled the delineation of its epidemiological features and its clinical spectrum. This, in turn, has led to increased interest in the possible neurological manifestations and involvement in patients with this disorder.

Abstract.- The Lancet. Is Candida albicans a trigger in the onset of coeliac disease? W F Nieuwenhuizen, R H H Pieters, L M J Knippels, M C J F Jansen, S J Koppelman. Volume 361 Issue 9375 Page 2152

Abstract.- The Lancet, Glucocorticoids and invasive fungal infections.  Michail S Lionakis and Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis Volume 362 Issue 9398 Page 1828

Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococcal Infections: Clinical Description of the First 50 Cases

Susan E. Swedo, M.D., Henrietta L. Leonard, M.D., Marjorie Garvey, M.D., Barbara Mittleman, M.D., Albert J. Allen, M.D., Ph.D., Susan Perlmutter, M.D., Sara Dow, B.A., Jason Zamkoff, B.A., Billinda K. Dubbert, M.S.N., and Lorraine Lougee, L.C.S.W.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of a novel group of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders, designated as pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal (group A ß-hemolytic streptococcal [GABHS]) infections (PANDAS). METHOD: The authors conducted a systematic clinical evaluation of 50 children who met all of the following five working diagnostic criteria: presence of OCD and/or a tic disorder, prepubertal symptom onset, episodic course of symptom severity, association with GABHS infections, and association with neurological abnormalities. RESULTS: The children's symptom onset was acute and dramatic, typically triggered by GABHS infections at a very early age (mean=6.3 years, SD=2.7, for tics; mean=7.4 years, SD=2.7, for OCD). The PANDAS clinical course was characterized by a relapsing-remitting symptom pattern with significant psychiatric comorbidity accompanying the exacerbations; emotional lability, separation anxiety, nighttime fears and bedtime rituals, cognitive deficits, oppositional behaviors, and motoric hyperactivity were particularly common. Symptom onset was triggered by GABHS infection for 22 (44%) of the children and by pharyngitis (no throat culture obtained) for 14 others (28%). Among the 50 children, there were 144 separate episodes of symptom exacerbation; 45 (31%) were associated with documented GABHS infection, 60 (42%) with symptoms of pharyngitis or upper respiratory infection (no throat culture obtained), and six (4%) with GABHS exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The working diagnostic criteria appear to accurately characterize a homogeneous patient group in which symptom exacerbations are triggered by GABHS infections. The identification of such a subgroup will allow for testing of models of pathogenesis, as well as the development of novel treatment and prevention strategies. (Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:264–271)

Cuadro de texto: Cochrane Revise este importante análisis de los estudios realizados sobre la dieta libre de gluten y el Autismo.  http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/AB003498.htm  (inglés) http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/es/ab003498.html   (español)   web ANDI  (Autism Network for Dietary Intervention) contiene prácticamente todos los estudios científicos sobre el tema. ANDI Links sobre trastornos digestivos y Autismo (inglés)   ANDI Links sobre sistema inmune y/o toxicidad con mercurio (inglés)   ANDI The GFCFKids Diet Survey - Preliminary Results Encuesta sobre Dieta libre de gluten y caseína, resultados preliminares The purpose of the GFCFKids Diet Survey is to gather and process information about dietary intervention, chiefly in the form of Gluten-Free and Casein-Free diet, for patients on the autistic spectrum.  Journal Nutritional Neuroscience, 2003.  Can the Pathophysiology of Autism be Explained by the Nature of the Discovered Urine Peptides? Pronto el abstract sera traducido al español  K.L. Reichelt and A.-M. Knivsberg.    Opioid peptides derived from food proteins (exorphins) have been found in urine of autistic patients. Based on the work of several groups, we try to show that exorphins and serotonin uptake stimulating factors may explain many of the signs and symptoms seen in autistic disorders. The individual symptoms ought to be explainable by the properties and behavioural effects of the found peptides. The data presented form the basis of an autism model, where we suggest that exorphins and serotonin uptake modulators are key mediators for the development of autism. This may be due to a genetically based peptidase deficiency in at least two or more peptidases and, or of peptidase regulating proteins made manifest by a dietary overload of exorphin precursors such as by increased gut uptake. Metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity in children with autism  S Jill James, Paul Cutler, y col. Background: Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that usually presents in early childhood and that is thought to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Although abnormal metabolism of methionine and homocysteine has been associated with other neurologic diseases, these pathways have not been evaluated in persons with autism. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate plasma concentrations of metabolites in the methionine transmethylation and transsulfuration pathways in children diagnosed with autism.  Conclusions: An increased vulnerability to oxidative stress and a decreased capacity for methylation may contribute to the development and clinical manifestation of autism. Abnormal intestinal permeability in children with autism. D'Eufemia P, Celli M, Finocchiaro R, Pacifico L, Viozzi L, Zaccagnini M, Cardi E, Giardini O. Acta Paediatr. 1996 Sep;85(9):1076-9. Autism: an Interesting dietary case history.  Nutrition and Food Science Vol. 30 Number 3-2000  Mabel Blades. consultant dietitian, Nutrition and Dietetic Services, Rushden, UK.  Briefly reviews the case history of dietary intervention in the case of a six-year-old boy with a diagnosis of autism. Identifying food intolerances to milk and gluten, and the removal of these items from the child´s diet, led to an improvement in his condition and behaviour. www.emerald-library.com Publicación electrónica VISCERAL. creado para la investigación médica de trastornos digestivos.  Inglés, incluye temas de vacunación http://www.visceral.org.uk/index.php   The neurology of gluten sensitivity: separating the wheat from the chaff. Wills AJ, Unsworth DJ.   Curr Opin Neurol. 2002 Oct;15(5):519-23.   A gluten-free diet as an intervention for autism and associated spectrum disorders: preliminary findings Paul Whiteley y Col.  Autism, Vol. 3, No. 1, 45-65 (1999)  The opioid-excess hypothesis of autism suggests that autism is the consequence of the incomplete breakdown and excessive absorption of peptides with opioid activity (derived from foods which contain gluten and casein), causing disruption to biochemical and neuroregulatory processes. Biochemical evidence has indicated the presence of increased levels of peptides in the urine of people with autism, and previous behavioural studies have demonstrated a connection between the long term exclusion of gluten and casein from the diet and improvements in the behaviour of some children with autism. The introduction of a gluten-free diet to children with autism and associated spectrum disorders (n = 22) was monitored over a 5 month period using a battery of parental and teacher interview/questionnaire sessions, observation reports, psychometric tests and urinary profiling. Results suggested that participants on a gluten-free diet showed an improvement on a number of behavioural measures. However there was no significant decrease in specific urinary compounds excreted when compared with controls and a gluten challenge group. Articulo Completo.- American Journal of Gastroenterology. Autism and the Gastrointestinal Tract.  Eamonnm y col.  Sept. 2000, Vol 95, Number 9  BMJ Haga Clic Aqui para revisar el estudio de desórdenes gastrointestinales en niños con Autismo que causó mucha polémica, reviselo todo incluyendo los comentarios finales. Abstract.- A peptide found in schizophrenia and autism causes behavioral changes in rats   Zhongjie Sun y J. Robert Cade University of Florida, USA Autism, Vol. 3, No. 1, 85-95 (1999)  In a previous study we showed that b-casomorphin-7 (b-CM7) is taken up by brain regions relevant to schizophrenia and autism. The present experiment was designed to find whether b-CM7 has any behavioral or analgesic effects in rats. About 65 seconds after treatment with different doses of b-CM7, rats became restless and ran violently, with teeth chattering and with rapid respiration. Seven minutes later, the rats became inactive with less walking, distancing themselves from the other rat in the same cage, and sitting in, or putting their head against, the corner of the cage. The sound response was reduced and social interaction was absent. One hour later, the rats showed hyperdefensiveness. The above behavioral effects of b-CM7 did not occur when rats were pretreated with naloxone (2 mg/kg, IP). The rats receiving saline did not show any behavioral changes throughout the 2 hour period of observation. b-CM7 also demonstrated analgesic effects, which could be blocked by naloxone. The results suggest that b-CM7 may play a role in behavioral disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Estudio Completo Gradiente Transcraneal de Citoquinas y Permeabilidad Intestinal en Injuria Cerebral Aguda Severa. Castillo y col.  Revista Médica Chile.  Este estudio revela la relación que hay entre la permeabilidad intestinal y la inflamación cerebral.  Estudio Completo en español PERMEABILIDAD INTESTINAL EN NEONATOS. Sepa más sobre permeabilidad intestinal. The Autism Research Unit at the University of Sunderland www.osiris.sunderland.ac.uk/autism Greatplains laboratory Abstract .- Neurological Deficits in Patients With Celiac Disease Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky, MD; Rami Eliakim, MD; Israel Steiner, MD Arch Neurol. 2002;59:647-648.  Para leer el texto completo debe inscribirse en la revista. haga clik en el título. Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals.1 Developments in the understanding of the pathogenetic basis of the disease and the introduction of serological diagnostic markers have enabled the delineation of its epidemiological features and its clinical spectrum. This, in turn, has led to increased interest in the possible neurological manifestations and involvement in patients with this disorder. Abstract.- The Lancet. Is Candida albicans a trigger in the onset of coeliac disease? W F Nieuwenhuizen, R H H Pieters, L M J Knippels, M C J F Jansen, S J Koppelman. Volume 361 Issue 9375 Page 2152 Abstract.- The Lancet, Glucocorticoids and invasive fungal infections.  Michail S Lionakis and Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis Volume 362 Issue 9398 Page 1828 Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococcal Infections: Clinical Description of the First 50 Cases Susan E. Swedo, M.D., Henrietta L. Leonard, M.D., Marjorie Garvey, M.D., Barbara Mittleman, M.D., Albert J. Allen, M.D., Ph.D., Susan Perlmutter, M.D., Sara Dow, B.A., Jason Zamkoff, B.A., Billinda K. Dubbert, M.S.N., and Lorraine Lougee, L.C.S.W. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of a novel group of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders, designated as pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal (group A ß-hemolytic streptococcal [GABHS]) infections (PANDAS). METHOD: The authors conducted a systematic clinical evaluation of 50 children who met all of the following five working diagnostic criteria: presence of OCD and/or a tic disorder, prepubertal symptom onset, episodic course of symptom severity, association with GABHS infections, and association with neurological abnormalities. RESULTS: The children's symptom onset was acute and dramatic, typically triggered by GABHS infections at a very early age (mean=6.3 years, SD=2.7, for tics; mean=7.4 years, SD=2.7, for OCD). The PANDAS clinical course was characterized by a relapsing-remitting symptom pattern with significant psychiatric comorbidity accompanying the exacerbations; emotional lability, separation anxiety, nighttime fears and bedtime rituals, cognitive deficits, oppositional behaviors, and motoric hyperactivity were particularly common. Symptom onset was triggered by GABHS infection for 22 (44%) of the children and by pharyngitis (no throat culture obtained) for 14 others (28%). Among the 50 children, there were 144 separate episodes of symptom exacerbation; 45 (31%) were associated with documented GABHS infection, 60 (42%) with symptoms of pharyngitis or upper respiratory infection (no throat culture obtained), and six (4%) with GABHS exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The working diagnostic criteria appear to accurately characterize a homogeneous patient group in which symptom exacerbations are triggered by GABHS infections. The identification of such a subgroup will allow for testing of models of pathogenesis, as well as the development of novel treatment and prevention strategies. (Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:264–271)